Geography

 Today, my class friends taught about soil chemical properties.

Chemical properties of soil are determined by acidity and alkalinity. It's measured by pH scale.

Today we had learned about natural vegetations and it's types, from that we learned desert vegetations and tundra vegetations and also with types and examples.

I learned  desert is hottest desert in our country so in desert, in day time the weather will be very hot and in night time the temperature is very cold. And tundra vegetations are usually found in arctic regions.

Today we learned about hazard and disaster.

Hazard

• Definition: A hazard is a potential source of harm or danger that can cause damage to people, property, or the environment.

• Types of Hazards:

1. Natural Hazards: Caused by natural processes

   • Examples: Earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, droughts

2. Technological (or Man-made) Hazards: Caused by human activity or technology

   • Examples: Chemical spills, nuclear accidents, industrial fires, pollution

3. Biological Hazards: Related to living organisms that can cause health problems

   • Examples: Epidemics, pandemics, insect infestations

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Disaster

• Definition: A disaster is a serious disruption that causes widespread damage, destruction, and distress, often resulting from a hazard and impacting lives, property, and the environment.

• Types of Disasters:

1. Natural Disasters: Result from natural hazards when they cause significant harm

   • Examples: 2010 Haiti Earthquake, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina

2. Technological Disasters: Result from technological or industrial hazards

   • Examples: Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster (1986), Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984), Fukushima Nuclear Disaster (2011)

3. Complex Emergencies: Situations where disasters are compounded by social, political, or economic factors

   • Examples: War-related famines, refugee crises caused by natural disasters combined with conflict.